RANGES

Range chart showing FAD and LAD data.
Source: http://www.xs4all.nl/~racintim/

Ranges can be classified into two types and are based on first appearance data (FAD) or last appearance data (LAD) of either species, assemblages, or morphological characteristics (such as dextral rather than sinistral colinig as a response to temperature change):

LOCAL RANGES: Sequences of appearance (FAD) and disappearance (LAD) of fossils and their rates of accumalation.
TOTAL RANGES: The sum of all local ranges for a particular species.